Cause and effect of smoking Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cause and effect of smoking - Term Paper Example Smoking, therefore, has several negative effects as discussed below. When one decides to quit smoking, the craving for nicotine results to withdrawal symptoms, which include short temper, aggression, anger and negative feelings. Apart from nicotine, cigarettes also contain carbon (II) Oxide that increases the risk of developing heart disease. Tar is also a component in cigarette associated with different types of cancer. It is also associated with damage to the lining of the lungs (Soneji, Samir, et al. 2204). Smoking not only affects the smoker but also anyone nearby. Although most countries have designated areas for smoking, most smokers do not smoke in these smoking zones. They carelessly smoke in public places affecting many people and exposing them to the danger of smoking. The human body is made up of several cells, which form and die continuously in a controlled way. However, some chemicals can easily interfere with the process of cell division causing the development of cancer. The different cancer names originate depending on where in the body they start. For example, lung cancer starts from the lung and spreads. Cancer normally leaves its initial location and spreads in the body through a process called metastasis. When the body becomes unable to cope up with the cancer growth, the smoker dies. As it grows and spreads through a person’s body, it increasingly becomes painful, particularly if it spreads to the bones (Zale and Joseph, 296). It weakens the bones resulting to fractures. This condition is called osteoporosis. Weakness, coma, paralysis and death might occur when cancer spreads to the brain. Smoking accounts for at least a third of cancer related deaths in the US. Smoking causes the following type of cancers: Smoking has increasing been associated with cancer of the pancreas, kidney, bladder and the cervix. The major cause of lung cancer deaths in men and women is due to cigarette smoking. Toxic gases inhaled during smoking

Group Development Application Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Group Development Application Paper - Assignment Example ompelled to develop and sustain as well as improve their management and decision making abilities to guide them and to guide those subordinate to them in order that a successful culture in established in the institution (Barron and Greenberg (1990, pg. 497) Moreover, decision making processes in such learning places often are designed through delegation to various groups of individuals and /or students known as ‘task groups’. Some may be external such as the ‘Board of Governors’ while some are internal such as ‘the student leadership committees’. Organizational leaders need to enact well structured establishments that are aggressive to ensure that their committees and task groups work together or independently as long as the efficiency and production of the intended results are well reflected as best results. This important step in emphasized by the problems and challenges existing in the use of group and committee models in decision-making processes. This need is significantly shown in Dean Tjosvold’s book; â€Å"Working Together to Get Things Done.† Tjosvold (1986) says; â€Å"Forming teams to make complex decisions does not automatically result in effective problem solving. Indeed, sometimes people working together reinforce their biases and The Decision Making and Planning Process 10 enhance their limitations. They may develop groupthink conformity that results in fiasco that severely damages the company. Alternatively, individuals use the group to push for their own self-interest at the expense of the com pany’s welfare (p.96). A study by Day et. al. finds that head teachers’ or any leaders’ values are key components in their success. â€Å"Successful heads improve pupil outcomes through who they are - their values, virtues, dispositions, attributes and competences – as well as what they do in terms of the strategies they select and the ways in which they adapt their leadership practices to their unique context.† In illustration, design in